Spine

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Symptoms

The spine provides the central support structure of the body, allowing for upright posture, flexibility, and protection of the spinal cord and nerves. When back or neck problems arise, whether due to injury, degenerative changes, or nerve compression, they can significantly affect mobility and quality of life. Prompt evaluation is essential to determine the cause of symptoms and prevent long-term complications.

Neck or Back Pain

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Pain may be localized or radiate into the arms, shoulders, buttocks, or legs. It is often caused by disc degeneration, muscle strain, or joint dysfunction.

Numbness or Tingling

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Pins and needles sensations in the arms, hands, legs, or feet are often signs of nerve irritation or compression.

Weakness in Limbs

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Loss of strength or muscle control can indicate serious nerve or spinal cord involvement and should be evaluated promptly.

Changes in Posture or Balance

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Chronic spinal issues can lead to stooping, instability, or difficulty walking.

Stiffness or Limited Mobility

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Difficulty turning the head, bending, or standing upright may indicate spinal arthritis, disc issues, or mechanical strain.

Nerve Pain (Radiculopathy)

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Sharp, shooting, or burning pain radiating down the arms or legs may result from nerve root compression due to a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.

Common Spine Conditions and Their Treatments

The spine is a complex structure composed of vertebrae, discs, joints, and nerves. It provides both support and flexibility, while also protecting the spinal cord. When any of these components are compromised, patients may experience pain, restricted movement, or nerve-related symptoms. Below are common spinal conditions we diagnose and treat, along with standard treatment approaches.

Herniated Disc

Overview: Occurs when the soft inner core of a spinal disc bulges out and presses on nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness.
Treatment: Rest, anti-inflammatory medication, physiotherapy, and spinal injections. Severe or persistent cases may require surgical removal of the disc fragment (microdiscectomy).

Degenerative Disc Disease

Overview: Age-related breakdown of spinal discs leading to back pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility.
Treatment: Activity modification, pain relief medication, core strengthening, physiotherapy, and in advanced cases, spinal fusion or disc replacement.

Spinal Stenosis

Overview: Narrowing of the spinal canal that places pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, often causing leg pain, weakness, or difficulty walking.
Treatment: Non-surgical options include physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and epidural injections. Surgical decompression may be required for severe cases.

Sciatica

Overview: Pain that radiates from the lower back into the leg, typically due to nerve root compression from a disc herniation or spinal stenosis.
Treatment: Medication, physiotherapy, spinal injections. Surgery may be considered if symptoms persist or worsen.

Spondylolisthesis

Overview: A condition where one vertebra slips forward over another, potentially causing back pain or nerve compression.
Treatment: Physical therapy, bracing, and anti-inflammatory medications. Surgical stabilization (spinal fusion) may be recommended for progressive or unstable cases.

Facet Joint Syndrome

Overview: Degeneration or inflammation of the small joints between vertebrae, often causing localized back or neck pain.
Treatment: Medication, physiotherapy, and targeted injections. In some cases, radiofrequency ablation is used to reduce pain signals.

Cervical Radiculopathy

Overview: Nerve compression in the neck that causes radiating pain, numbness, or weakness in the shoulders, arms, or hands.
Treatment: Physiotherapy, cervical traction, anti-inflammatories, steroid injections. Surgery may be necessary if symptoms are severe or persistent.

Lumbar Radiculopathy

Overview: Lower back nerve compression causing pain, tingling, or weakness down the leg (commonly called sciatica).
Treatment: Conservative care includes stretching, medication, and injections. Surgery such as microdiscectomy may be needed in certain cases.

Spinal Fractures

Overview: Breaks in the vertebrae can result from trauma or weakened bone (osteoporosis). May cause back pain and spinal instability.
Treatment: Bracing and activity modification for stable fractures. Surgical stabilization is required for severe or unstable fractures.

Spinal Surgery

Overview: Surgical procedures such as microdiscectomy, laminectomy, or spinal fusion are used to relieve pressure, stabilize the spine, or correct deformities.
Treatment: Surgery is typically reserved for cases that do not respond to conservative management or where neurological compromise exists.