Knee
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Symptoms
The knee is a highly mobile and weight-bearing joint that plays a critical role in walking, climbing, running, and maintaining balance. It is also one of the most commonly injured joints in the body. Whether caused by trauma, overuse, or degeneration, knee problems can lead to pain, instability, or reduced function. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment are essential to maintaining mobility and avoiding long-term complications.
Knee Pain
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Pain may be sharp, dull, or throbbing and can occur during activity or at rest. It may stem from injury, arthritis, ligament damage, or inflammation.
Swelling or Stiffness
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Often a sign of inflammation, fluid buildup, or injury to internal knee structures. Persistent swelling should be professionally assessed.
Instability or Giving Way
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A sensation that the knee may collapse during movement. Commonly associated with ligament injuries such as ACL or meniscus tears.
Limited Range of Motion
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Difficulty fully bending or straightening the knee may be due to arthritis, cartilage damage, or mechanical blockage in the joint.
Clicking, Popping, or Locking
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Noises or mechanical symptoms in the knee may indicate meniscal tears, loose cartilage, or joint degeneration.
Pain During Weight Bearing or Stairs
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Pain when walking, climbing, or standing from a seated position often reflects joint surface damage or alignment issues.
Common Knee Conditions and Their Treatments
The knee is a hinge joint made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons working together to support and move the body. When any of these structures are injured or degenerate, the result can be pain, swelling, and instability. Below are some of the most common knee conditions we treat and the approaches used to manage them.
Meniscal Tears
Overview: Damage to the crescent-shaped cartilage that cushions the knee joint. Often caused by twisting injuries or degeneration.
Treatment: Rest, anti-inflammatory medications, physiotherapy, and in some cases, arthroscopic surgery to repair or remove the damaged cartilage.
ACL and Ligament Injuries
Overview: Tears or sprains of the knee’s stabilizing ligaments (ACL, MCL, LCL, or PCL), often due to sports injuries or trauma.
Treatment: Bracing and physiotherapy for partial tears. Surgical reconstruction may be recommended for complete or recurrent tears, especially in active individuals.
Knee Arthritis (Osteoarthritis)
Overview: Degeneration of cartilage in the knee joint, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Treatment: Activity modification, weight management, pain relief medications, physiotherapy, joint injections. In advanced cases, partial or total knee replacement may be necessary.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Overview: Pain around or behind the kneecap, often due to improper tracking or muscle imbalance.
Treatment: Physiotherapy, stretching and strengthening exercises, orthotics, and activity modification. Rarely requires surgery.
Knee Tendonitis
Overview: Inflammation of the tendons around the knee, typically due to overuse or repetitive activity.
Treatment: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, and progressive return to activity. Severe cases may require surgical intervention.
Cartilage Injuries
Overview: Damage to the smooth cartilage lining the knee joint, either through trauma or wear.
Treatment: Arthroscopic procedures to smooth or repair cartilage. In some cases, cartilage restoration or transplantation techniques may be used.
Knee Bursitis
Overview: Inflammation of the small fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the knee joint. Often caused by pressure, repetitive motion, or infection.
Treatment: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medication, aspiration, and steroid injections. In rare cases, surgical removal of the bursa may be needed.
Kneecap (Patellar) Dislocation
Overview: Displacement of the kneecap from its normal position, typically following trauma.
Treatment: Reduction (repositioning), bracing, physiotherapy. Recurrent dislocations may require surgical realignment.
Knee Replacement Surgery
Overview: Surgical replacement of the damaged joint surfaces with prosthetic components to restore mobility and reduce pain.
Treatment: Total or partial knee replacement, depending on the extent of arthritis. Often recommended when non-surgical treatments no longer provide relief.
Runner’s Knee
Overview: General term for pain around the kneecap often seen in runners or athletes. Related to muscle imbalance, overuse, or poor alignment.
Treatment: Rest, physical therapy, activity modification, and orthotic support. Most cases respond well to conservative care.